He argued that the right to privacy entailed that "no one has the right to intrude in the private matters of another, to meddle in another's personal views and orientations, and that ultimately it is no one's business what two freely consenting adults do in their homes." He attacked Paragraph 175 of the German criminal code which criminalized homosexual acts. During this time, Holzmann wrote the article "Die Homosexualität als Kulturbewegung" ("Homosexuality as a Cultural Movement"). Among its writers were Else Lasker-Schüler, Peter Hille, and Erich Mühsam and, at its best, it had a circulation of up to 10,000. In addition to fictional stories, Der Kampf published articles on various topics, including many about homosexuality. Though it was not published by any particular organization, the journal was anarchist in outlook. From 1904 to 1905, Holzmann edited the journal Der Kampf: Zeitschrift für gesunden Menschenverstand ( The Struggle: Journal for Common Sense). Above all, the text was intended to be educational and covered evolution, biology and issues facing homosexuals at the time. In it, he attacked homophobia, laying most of the blame on religion. In 1904, he published the booklet "Das dritte Geschlecht" ("The Third Gender"). He decided to devote himself entirely to writing and political activism from an anarchist standpoint. The young Hoy (born 1882) published these views in his weekly magazine Kampf ( Struggle) from 1904, which reached a circulation of 10,000 the following year.
#CHAOTIC GAY DEFINITION FREE#
Īdolf Brand, early German anarchist activist for the rights of male homosexualsĪnarcho-syndicalist writer Ulrich Linse wrote about "a sharply outlined figure of the Berlin individualist anarchist cultural scene around 1900", the "precocious Johannes Holzmann" (known as Senna Hoy): "an adherent of free love, celebrated homosexuality as a 'champion of culture' and engaged in the struggle against Paragraph 175". Wilde finishes the story: "Both Alphonso and Stephen are now anarchists, I need hardly say". The result was not displeasing, but what laws!". Tired, cold and "wet to the skin", the three men immediately "flew to the hotel for hot brandy and water", but there was a problem as the law stood in the way: "As it was past ten o’clock on a Sunday night the proprietor could not sell us any brandy or spirits of any kind! So he had to give it to us. "We took five hours in an awful gale to come back! did not reach pier till eleven o’clock at night, pitch dark all the way, and a fearful sea. He had gone out sailing with two lovely boys-Stephen and Alphonso-and they were caught in a storm. In August 1894, Wilde wrote to his lover Alfred Lord Douglas to tell of "a dangerous adventure". I am something of an Anarchist, I believe". He later commented: "I think I am rather more than a Socialist. In Oscar Wilde's The Soul of Man under Socialism, he passionately advocates for an egalitarian society where wealth is shared by all while warning of the dangers of authoritarian socialism that would crush individuality. Homosexuality leads to a healthy sense of egoism, for which every anarchist should strive". Italian anarchist Luigi Bertoni (who Szittya also believed to be homosexual) observed: "Anarchists demand freedom in everything, thus also in sexuality.
His view is confirmed by Magnus Hirschfeld in his 1914 book Die Homosexualität des Mannes und des Weibes: "In the ranks of a relatively small party, the anarchist, it seemed to me as if proportionately more homosexuals and effeminates are found than in others". Thus I found in Paris a Hungarian anarchist, Alexander Sommi, who founded a homosexual anarchist group on the basis of this idea". In Das Kuriositäten-Kabinett (1923), Emil Szittya wrote about homosexuality that "very many anarchists have this tendency. John Henry Mackay, German individualist anarchist advocate of LGBT rightsĪnarchism's foregrounding of individual freedoms made for a natural defense of homosexuality in the eyes of many, both inside and outside of the anarchist movement.